Castelldefels, spain, where he leads the quantum optics theory group. Notes on lewenstein, sanpera, and ahu ngers ultracold. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in. Phil thesis, michaelmas 2010 ultracold atoms in optical lattices can be used to model condensed matter systems. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to simulate condensed matter or even high energy physics.
Veselago lensing with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Optical potentials and in particular optical lattices have proven to be a powerful tool for manipulating ultracold atomic systems and are used in a wide range of experiments 7, 8,9. We describe an approximate theory of interacting bosons in optical lattices which provides a qualitative description of both superfluid and insulator states. In order to investigate the quantum phase transitions and the timeofflight absorption pictures analytically in a systematic way for ultracold bose gases in bipartite optical lattices, we present a generalized greens function method. Collective electronic excitations excitons in planar optical lattices exhibit strong modifications of the radiative damping rate and directional emission pattern as compared to a single excited atom. Such systems are nearly perfect realisations of various kinds of hubbard models, and as such may very well serve to mimic condensed matter phenomena.
Maschler et al ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized light. Manipulation of light using atoms plays a fundamental and important role in emerging technologies such as integrated photonics, information storage, and quantum sensors. We show how these systems may be employed as quantum simulators to answer some challenging open questions of condensed matter. An individual user may print out a pdf of a single chapter of a monograph in oso for personal use. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices immanuel bloch 1 at nanokelvin temperatures, ultracold quantum. Gauge fields for ultracold atoms in optical superlattices. Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories using. The resulting arrangement of trapped atoms resembles a crystal lattice and can be used for quantum simulation. Ultracold dipolar gases in optical lattices christian trefzger. Neutral atoms can be trapped in the intensity maxima or minima of these standing waves due to the optical dipole force see e. Ultracold atoms and molecules have opened a new field for studying strong correlation effects in manybody quantum systems in a highly controllable setting. Utilizing this method, we study the quantum phase transitions of ultracold bose gases in two types of bipartite optical lattices, i. We study the continuous zero temperature quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the mott insulator phase induced by varying the depth of the optical potential, where the mott. First comprehensive book on ultracold gases in optical lattices.
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical. First, i apply a topdown constructive approach that we first proposed in boada et al. The optical lattices are formed by standing waves of laser light. We study an ultracold gas of neutral atoms subject to the periodic optical potential generated by a highq cavity mode. Simulating quantum manybody systems jimmy qin fall 2019 ch 2. In twodimensional 2d electron gases topological phases may emerge in the presence of strong magnetic fields. Quantum degenerate gases of magnetic lanthanide atoms in optical lattices offer an avenue to access the physics of strongly correlated systems for both bosonic and fermionic hubbard dynamics in the presence of dipolar interactions, while building on the welldeveloped toolbox to prepare ultracold dense samples and to manipulate and measure. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold. Here we present a theoretical scheme that enables efficient computation of collective. Pdf ultracold atoms in optical lattices pedro duarte. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices derevianko group. In this paper i construct the naive lattice dirac hamiltonian describing the propagation of fermions in a generic 2d optical metric for different lattice and fluxlattice geometries. Such ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a completely novel and highly promising.
Laserassisted tunneling between atoms in different internal states along y axis with recoil along x. Request pdf on apr 1, 20, maciej lewenstein and others published ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Lightinduced gauge potentials and optical flux lattices. Lattice geometry the simplest possible lattice is a one dimensional lattice 1d lattice. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices paperback maciej. Here, we investigate the localization properties of ultracold atoms in quasiperiodic optical lattices subject to a nonabelian gauge potential, which are depicted by nonabelian aah models. Lukin2 1institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa 2physics department, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts 028, usa received 25 october 2002. The resulting periodic potential may trap neutral atoms via the stark shift. A versatile system to explore few and manybody physics in periodic potentials david petrosyan iesl forth, greece fastquast, 250909 p. Artificial gauge fields and topology with ultracold atoms.
The nook book ebook of the ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Ultracold ferromagnetism the theoretical work described in chapter4arose from discussions with arun paramekanti and joseph thywissen regarding possible observable signatures of itinerant ferromagnetism in a trapped ultracold fermi gas. Mitchell quantum gauge theories and ultracold atoms. What makes optical lattices so useful is the nearly complete control it gives us over the system.
Boseeinstein condensates in optical lattices and optical potentials, including the work of greiner et al. An optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, creating a spatially periodic polarization pattern. Ultracold atoms in such a rotating lattice can be used for the direct quantum simulation of strongly correlated systems under large effective magnetic fields, allowing investigation of phenomena such as the fractional quantum hall effect. Topological manybody phases of matter exhibit remarkable electronic properties and ultracold atoms in optical lattices constitute promising candidates to study them in a wellcontrolled environment. The theory is based on a change of variables in which the boson coherent state. These socalled optical lattices act as versatile potential landscapes to trap ultracold quantum gases of bosons and fermions. Studies of ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a means for testing fundamental and applicationoriented quantum manybody concepts of condensedmatter physics in. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple noninteracting system and going into the manybody physics that describes the strongly correlated mott insulator regime. Alternatively, one can image the intrap density distribution of atoms. Notes on lewenstein, sanpera, and ahu ngers ultracold atoms in optical lattices. This chapter describes basic methods to realise optical potentials and optical lattices, listing in detail what can be controlled in ultracold atomic systems. Ultracold gases trapped in optical lattices is a very successful and interdisciplinary field of research 1,2.
Extended bosehubbard models with ultracold magnetic atoms. Pdf this thesis covers most of my work in the field of ultracold atoms loaded in optical lattices. Although most of such gases in the nanokelvin regime are first prepared in a continuum phase, a lattice structure can be superimposed onto the particles by using optical standing wave laser fields. In the limit of very low temperatures, cavity field and atomic dynamics require a quantum description. Maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger. Optical lattices have seen utilization in such diverse. A quantum theory of cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices. Studies of ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a means for testing fundamental and applicationoriented quantum manybody concepts of condensedmatter physics in well controllable atomic systems. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices with long range interactions and. The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bosehubbard model where the system parameters are controlled by laser light. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices undergo a quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a mott insulator as the lattice potential depth is increased. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in optical lattices l. Some of the most talented theorists in the field guide the readers through the fascinating interplay of atomic, optical. Atoms are cooled and congregate in the locations of potential minima.
Relativistic simulations with cold atoms 2d and 3d refocusing of atomic wavepackets imaging of e. This thesis covers most of my work in the field of ultracold atoms loaded in optical lattices. Vexandvgx are external trapping potentials for the atom in the excited and the. The physics of ultracold atoms, ions, and molecules offers unprecedented possibilities of control of quantum many systems, and novel possibilities of applications for quantum information and quantum metrology. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to. Osa light reflection and transmission in planar lattices. We demonstrate a novel experimental arrangement which can rotate a 2d optical lattice at frequencies up to several kilohertz. In the case of cavity pumping, all atoms are simultane ously coupled to the same mode.
In this chapter we introduce the reader to the physics of ultracold atoms trapped in crystals made of light. Effective magnetic fields without rotation optical square lattices d. For large detunings the conservative part of the optical potential dominates and can be used to trap the atoms. Simulating quantum manybody systems, by maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera and veronica ahufinger. Whilst normally the atoms are manipulated using classical light beams there is a. From the standard model of particle physics to strongly correlated electrons, various physical settings are formulated in terms of matter coupled to gauge fields. It revisits the properties of noninteracting particles in periodic lattices.
Simulating quantum manybody systems kindle edition by maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, veronica ahufinger. Controlling and detecting spin correlations of ultracold. Excitons for long wave numbers and polarizations orthogonal to the lattice plane exhibit superradiance with a very short life time and a tightly confined emission direction. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms. Some condensed matter much of this chapter is familiar. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices simulating quantum manybody systems maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger. Here, we demonstrate how quantized dynamical gauge. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms. This masterpiece is a unique opportunity to learn about the frontiers of quantum manybody physics, and how they can be explored with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. In general, two detection methods are used to reveal the quantum phases of ultracold gases in optical lattices. Quantum simulation using ultracold atoms in twodimensional optical lattices sarah alassam, balliol college, oxford d. Particles can be released from the trapping potential and their density distribution imaged after a suitable timeofflight period. Ultracold molecules and atom pairs in optical lattice.
Lifetime and emission characteristics of electronic. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold atoms in optical lattices m. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices with long range interactions and periodic driving. The chapter derives the hubbard model in the tight binding approximation, and discusses boseeinstein. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices hardcover maciej. Trapped atoms experience a harmonic potential, vr 1 2. Specifically, there have been intense theoretical efforts involving large samples of cold neutral atoms for coherent control of light. Optical lattices are an ideal platform for atomic experimentation. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices christian gross1 and immanuel bloch1,2 quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. However, there are some new ideas about lowdimensional systems that i didnt know beforehand. Simulations of nonabelian gauge theories with optical lattices, l. They provide a clean, tuneable system which can be engineered to. This book provides a complete and comprehensive overview of ultracold lattice gases as quantum simulators.